Users

Users are Craft’s representation of people.

Each user has an email address and username by default, as well as optional fields for a name, photo, and password. Like other elements, users support custom fields by way of a field layout.

There are also preferences for localization, accessibility, and debugging that may be relevant depending on how you build your site and whether you grant the user access to the control panel.

What a user can do is determined by which groups they belong to, and what individual permissions they have been granted.

#Active and Inactive Users

A Craft user can be active or inactive, meaning they have a credentialed account or simply exist as a record in the system. Navigate to the Users screen and you’ll find these represented by Credentialed and Inactive groupings under the “Account Type” heading.

You’ll most likely be creating active user accounts for content managers or site members to log in and do things. Each active account has its own status to describe that user’s level of access to the system:

Active – Account was activated by an admin, or the user set credentials to gain system access.
Pending – User was invited to activate their account but hasn’t completed the process.
Suspended – Account’s system access was explicitly revoked by another user with sufficient permissions.
Locked – Account was locked because of too many failed login attempts per the maxInvalidLogins and cooldownDuration config settings.
Inactive – Account never had credentials, or was explicitly deactivated.

You can’t create an inactive user from the control panel, but you can deactivate a user account by choosing Deactivate... from its action menu (

). Inactive user accounts are best suited for specific circumstances, like Craft Commerce guest customers or an imaginary Craft-based CRM that manages contacts.

#Addresses

Users each have an address book. Addresses can be managed on behalf of a user via the control panel, or by the user themselves.

#Querying Users

You can fetch users in your templates or PHP code using user queries.

{# Create a new user query #}
{% set myUserQuery = craft.users() %}

// Create a new user query
$myUserQuery = \craft\elements\User::find();

Once you’ve created a user query, you can set parameters on it to narrow down the results, and then execute it by calling .all(). An array of User (opens new window) objects will be returned.

See Element Queries to learn about how element queries work.

#Example

We can display a list of the users in an “Authors” user group by doing the following:

Create a user query with craft.users().
Set the group parameter on it.
Fetch the users with .all().
Loop through the users using a for (opens new window) tag to create the list HTML.

{# Create a user query with the 'group' parameter #}
{% set myUserQuery = craft.users()
  .group('authors') %}

{# Fetch the users #}
{% set users = myUserQuery.all() %}

{# Display the list #}
<ul>
  {% for user in users %}
    <li><a href="{{ url('authors/'~user.username) }}">{{ user.name }}</a></li>
  {% endfor %}
</ul>

#Parameters

User queries support the following parameters:

Param	Description
admin	Narrows the query results to only users that have admin accounts.
andRelatedTo	Narrows the query results to only users that are related to certain other elements.
andWith	Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with related elements, in addition to the elements that were already specified by with.
asArray	Causes the query to return matching users as arrays of data, rather than User (opens new window) objects.
assetUploaders	Narrows the query results to only users that have uploaded an asset.
authors	Narrows the query results to only users that are authors of an entry.
cache	Enables query cache for this Query.
can	Narrows the query results to only users that have a certain user permission, either directly on the user account or through one of their user groups.
clearCachedResult	Clears the cached result (opens new window).
dateCreated	Narrows the query results based on the users’ creation dates.
dateUpdated	Narrows the query results based on the users’ last-updated dates.
email	Narrows the query results based on the users’ email addresses.
firstName	Narrows the query results based on the users’ first names.
fixedOrder	Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id.
fullName	Narrows the query results based on the users’ full names.
group	Narrows the query results based on the user group the users belong to.
groupId	Narrows the query results based on the user group the users belong to, per the groups’ IDs.
hasPhoto	Narrows the query results to only users that have (or don’t have) a user photo.
id	Narrows the query results based on the users’ IDs.
ignorePlaceholders	Causes the query to return matching users as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window).
inReverse	Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order.
language	Determines which site(s) the users should be queried in, based on their language.
lastLoginDate	Narrows the query results based on the users’ last login dates.
lastName	Narrows the query results based on the users’ last names.
limit	Determines the number of users that should be returned.
offset	Determines how many users should be skipped in the results.
orderBy	Determines the order that the users should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to `username ASC`.)
preferSites	If unique() (opens new window) is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements.
prepareSubquery	Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned).
relatedTo	Narrows the query results to only users that are related to certain other elements.
search	Narrows the query results to only users that match a search query.
siteSettingsId	Narrows the query results based on the users’ IDs in the `elements_sites` table.
status	Narrows the query results based on the users’ statuses.
trashed	Narrows the query results to only users that have been soft-deleted.
uid	Narrows the query results based on the users’ UIDs.
username	Narrows the query results based on the users’ usernames.
with	Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with related elements.
withCustomFields	Sets whether custom fields should be factored into the query.
withGroups	Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with their user groups.

#`admin`

Narrows the query results to only users that have admin accounts.

{# Fetch admins #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .admin()
  .all() %}

// Fetch admins
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->admin()
    ->all();

Narrows the query results to only users that are related to certain other elements.

See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.

{# Fetch all users that are related to myCategoryA and myCategoryB #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .relatedTo(myCategoryA)
  .andRelatedTo(myCategoryB)
  .all() %}

// Fetch all users that are related to $myCategoryA and $myCategoryB
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->relatedTo($myCategoryA)
    ->andRelatedTo($myCategoryB)
    ->all();

#`andWith`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with related elements, in addition to the elements that were already specified by with.

#`asArray`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query to return matching users as arrays of data, rather than User (opens new window) objects.

{# Fetch users as arrays #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .asArray()
  .all() %}

// Fetch users as arrays
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->asArray()
    ->all();

#`assetUploaders`

Narrows the query results to only users that have uploaded an asset.

{# Fetch all users who have uploaded an asset #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .assetUploaders()
  .all() %}

// Fetch all users who have uploaded an asset
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->assetUploaders()
    ->all();

#`authors`

Narrows the query results to only users that are authors of an entry.

{# Fetch authors #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .authors()
  .all() %}

// Fetch authors
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->authors()
    ->all();

#`cache`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Enables query cache for this Query.

#`can`

Narrows the query results to only users that have a certain user permission, either directly on the user account or through one of their user groups.

See User Management (opens new window) for a full list of available user permissions defined by Craft.

{# Fetch users that can access the control panel #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .can('accessCp')
  .all() %}

// Fetch users that can access the control panel
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->can('accessCp')
    ->all();

#`clearCachedResult`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Clears the cached result (opens new window).

#`dateCreated`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results based on the users’ creation dates.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'>= 2018-04-01'`	that were created on or after 2018-04-01.
`'< 2018-05-01'`	that were created before 2018-05-01.
`['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01']`	that were created between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01.
`now`/`today`/`tomorrow`/`yesterday`	that were created at midnight of the specified relative date.

{# Fetch users created last month #}
{% set start = date('first day of last month')|atom %}
{% set end = date('first day of this month')|atom %}

{% set users = craft.users()
  .dateCreated(['and', ">= #{start}", "< #{end}"])
  .all() %}

// Fetch users created last month
$start = (new \DateTime('first day of last month'))->format(\DateTime::ATOM);
$end = (new \DateTime('first day of this month'))->format(\DateTime::ATOM);

$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->dateCreated(['and', ">= {$start}", "< {$end}"])
    ->all();

#`dateUpdated`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results based on the users’ last-updated dates.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'>= 2018-04-01'`	that were updated on or after 2018-04-01.
`'< 2018-05-01'`	that were updated before 2018-05-01.
`['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01']`	that were updated between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01.
`now`/`today`/`tomorrow`/`yesterday`	that were updated at midnight of the specified relative date.

{# Fetch users updated in the last week #}
{% set lastWeek = date('1 week ago')|atom %}

{% set users = craft.users()
  .dateUpdated(">= #{lastWeek}")
  .all() %}

// Fetch users updated in the last week
$lastWeek = (new \DateTime('1 week ago'))->format(\DateTime::ATOM);

$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->dateUpdated(">= {$lastWeek}")
    ->all();

#`email`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ email addresses.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'me@domain.tld'`	with an email of `me@domain.tld`.
`'not me@domain.tld'`	not with an email of `me@domain.tld`.
`'*@domain.tld'`	with an email that ends with `@domain.tld`.

{# Fetch users with a .co.uk domain on their email address #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .email('*.co.uk')
  .all() %}

// Fetch users with a .co.uk domain on their email address
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->email('*.co.uk')
    ->all();

#`firstName`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ first names.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'Jane'`	with a first name of `Jane`.
`'not Jane'`	not with a first name of `Jane`.

{# Fetch all the Jane's #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .firstName('Jane')
  .all() %}

// Fetch all the Jane's
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->firstName('Jane')
    ->one();

#`fixedOrder`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query results to be returned in the order specified by id.

If no IDs were passed to id, setting this to true will result in an empty result set.

{# Fetch users in a specific order #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .id([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
  .fixedOrder()
  .all() %}

// Fetch users in a specific order
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->id([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
    ->fixedOrder()
    ->all();

#`fullName`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ full names.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'Jane Doe'`	with a full name of `Jane Doe`.
`'not Jane Doe'`	not with a full name of `Jane Doe`.

{# Fetch all the Jane Doe's #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .fullName('Jane Doe')
  .all() %}

// Fetch all the Jane Doe's
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->fullName('JaneDoe')
    ->one();

#`group`

Narrows the query results based on the user group the users belong to.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'foo'`	in a group with a handle of `foo`.
`'not foo'`	not in a group with a handle of `foo`.
`['foo', 'bar']`	in a group with a handle of `foo` or `bar`.
`['and', 'foo', 'bar']`	in both groups with handles of `foo` or `bar`.
`['not', 'foo', 'bar']`	not in a group with a handle of `foo` or `bar`.
a UserGroup (opens new window) object	in a group represented by the object.

{# Fetch users in the Foo user group #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .group('foo')
  .all() %}

// Fetch users in the Foo user group
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->group('foo')
    ->all();

#`groupId`

Narrows the query results based on the user group the users belong to, per the groups’ IDs.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`1`	in a group with an ID of 1.
`'not 1'`	not in a group with an ID of 1.
`[1, 2]`	in a group with an ID of 1 or 2.
`['and', 1, 2]`	in both groups with IDs of 1 or 2.
`['not', 1, 2]`	not in a group with an ID of 1 or 2.

{# Fetch users in a group with an ID of 1 #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .groupId(1)
  .all() %}

// Fetch users in a group with an ID of 1
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->groupId(1)
    ->all();

#`hasPhoto`

Narrows the query results to only users that have (or don’t have) a user photo.

{# Fetch users with photos #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .hasPhoto()
  .all() %}

// Fetch users without photos
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->hasPhoto()
    ->all();

#`id`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results based on the users’ IDs.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`1`	with an ID of 1.
`'not 1'`	not with an ID of 1.
`[1, 2]`	with an ID of 1 or 2.
`['not', 1, 2]`	not with an ID of 1 or 2.

{# Fetch the user by its ID #}
{% set user = craft.users()
  .id(1)
  .one() %}

// Fetch the user by its ID
$user = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->id(1)
    ->one();

This can be combined with fixedOrder if you want the results to be returned in a specific order.

#`ignorePlaceholders`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query to return matching users as they are stored in the database, ignoring matching placeholder elements that were set by craft\services\Elements::setPlaceholderElement() (opens new window).

#`inReverse`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query results to be returned in reverse order.

{# Fetch users in reverse #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .inReverse()
  .all() %}

// Fetch users in reverse
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->inReverse()
    ->all();

#`language`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Determines which site(s) the users should be queried in, based on their language.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'en'`	from sites with a language of `en`.
`['en-GB', 'en-US']`	from sites with a language of `en-GB` or `en-US`.
`['not', 'en-GB', 'en-US']`	not in sites with a language of `en-GB` or `en-US`.

Elements that belong to multiple sites will be returned multiple times by default. If you only want unique elements to be returned, use unique() (opens new window) in conjunction with this.

{# Fetch users from English sites #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .language('en')
  .all() %}

// Fetch users from English sites
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->language('en')
    ->all();

#`lastLoginDate`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ last login dates.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'>= 2018-04-01'`	that last logged in on or after 2018-04-01.
`'< 2018-05-01'`	that last logged in before 2018-05-01.
`['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01']`	that last logged in between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01.
`now`/`today`/`tomorrow`/`yesterday`	that last logged in at midnight of the specified relative date.

{# Fetch users that logged in recently #}
{% set aWeekAgo = date('7 days ago')|atom %}

{% set users = craft.users()
  .lastLoginDate(">= #{aWeekAgo}")
  .all() %}

// Fetch users that logged in recently
$aWeekAgo = (new \DateTime('7 days ago'))->format(\DateTime::ATOM);

$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->lastLoginDate(">= {$aWeekAgo}")
    ->all();

#`lastName`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ last names.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'Doe'`	with a last name of `Doe`.
`'not Doe'`	not with a last name of `Doe`.

{# Fetch all the Doe's #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .lastName('Doe')
  .all() %}

// Fetch all the Doe's
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->lastName('Doe')
    ->one();

#`limit`

Defined by yii\db\QueryTrait

Determines the number of users that should be returned.

{# Fetch up to 10 users  #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .limit(10)
  .all() %}

// Fetch up to 10 users
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->limit(10)
    ->all();

#`offset`

Defined by yii\db\QueryTrait

Determines how many users should be skipped in the results.

{# Fetch all users except for the first 3 #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .offset(3)
  .all() %}

// Fetch all users except for the first 3
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->offset(3)
    ->all();

#`orderBy`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Determines the order that the users should be returned in. (If empty, defaults to username ASC.)

{# Fetch all users in order of date created #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .orderBy('dateCreated ASC')
  .all() %}

// Fetch all users in order of date created
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->orderBy('dateCreated ASC')
    ->all();

#`preferSites`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

If unique() (opens new window) is set, this determines which site should be selected when querying multi-site elements.

For example, if element “Foo” exists in Site A and Site B, and element “Bar” exists in Site B and Site C, and this is set to ['c', 'b', 'a'], then Foo will be returned for Site B, and Bar will be returned for Site C.

If this isn’t set, then preference goes to the current site.

{# Fetch unique users from Site A, or Site B if they don’t exist in Site A #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .site('*')
  .unique()
  .preferSites(['a', 'b'])
  .all() %}

// Fetch unique users from Site A, or Site B if they don’t exist in Site A
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->site('*')
    ->unique()
    ->preferSites(['a', 'b'])
    ->all();

#`prepareSubquery`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Prepares the element query and returns its subquery (which determines what elements will be returned).

Narrows the query results to only users that are related to certain other elements.

See Relations (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.

{# Fetch all users that are related to myCategory #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .relatedTo(myCategory)
  .all() %}

// Fetch all users that are related to $myCategory
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->relatedTo($myCategory)
    ->all();

#`search`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results to only users that match a search query.

See Searching (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.

{# Get the search query from the 'q' query string param #}
{% set searchQuery = craft.app.request.getQueryParam('q') %}

{# Fetch all users that match the search query #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .search(searchQuery)
  .all() %}

// Get the search query from the 'q' query string param
$searchQuery = \Craft::$app->request->getQueryParam('q');

// Fetch all users that match the search query
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->search($searchQuery)
    ->all();

#`siteSettingsId`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results based on the users’ IDs in the elements_sites table.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`1`	with an `elements_sites` ID of 1.
`'not 1'`	not with an `elements_sites` ID of 1.
`[1, 2]`	with an `elements_sites` ID of 1 or 2.
`['not', 1, 2]`	not with an `elements_sites` ID of 1 or 2.

{# Fetch the user by its ID in the elements_sites table #}
{% set user = craft.users()
  .siteSettingsId(1)
  .one() %}

// Fetch the user by its ID in the elements_sites table
$user = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->siteSettingsId(1)
    ->one();

#`status`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ statuses.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'inactive'`	with inactive accounts.
`'active'`	with active accounts.
`'pending'`	with accounts that are still pending activation.
`'credentialed'`	with either active or pending accounts.
`'suspended'`	with suspended accounts.
`'locked'`	with locked accounts (regardless of whether they’re active or suspended).
`['active', 'suspended']`	with active or suspended accounts.
`['not', 'active', 'suspended']`	without active or suspended accounts.

{# Fetch active and locked users #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .status(['active', 'locked'])
  .all() %}

// Fetch active and locked users
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->status(['active', 'locked'])
    ->all();

#`trashed`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results to only users that have been soft-deleted.

{# Fetch trashed users #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .trashed()
  .all() %}

// Fetch trashed users
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->trashed()
    ->all();

#`uid`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Narrows the query results based on the users’ UIDs.

{# Fetch the user by its UID #}
{% set user = craft.users()
  .uid('xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx')
  .one() %}

// Fetch the user by its UID
$user = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->uid('xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx')
    ->one();

#`username`

Narrows the query results based on the users’ usernames.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'foo'`	with a username of `foo`.
`'not foo'`	not with a username of `foo`.

{# Get the requested username #}
{% set requestedUsername = craft.app.request.getSegment(2) %}

{# Fetch that user #}
{% set user = craft.users()
  .username(requestedUsername|literal)
  .one() %}

// Get the requested username
$requestedUsername = \Craft::$app->request->getSegment(2);

// Fetch that user
$user = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->username(\craft\helpers\Db::escapeParam($requestedUsername))
    ->one();

#`with`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with related elements.

See Eager-Loading Elements (opens new window) for a full explanation of how to work with this parameter.

{# Fetch users eager-loaded with the "Related" field’s relations #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .with(['related'])
  .all() %}

// Fetch users eager-loaded with the "Related" field’s relations
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->with(['related'])
    ->all();

#`withCustomFields`

Defined by craft\elements\db\ElementQuery

Sets whether custom fields should be factored into the query.

#`withGroups`

Causes the query to return matching users eager-loaded with their user groups.

Possible values include:

Value	Fetches users…
`'>= 2018-04-01'`	that last logged-in on or after 2018-04-01.
`'< 2018-05-01'`	that last logged-in before 2018-05-01
`['and', '>= 2018-04-04', '< 2018-05-01']`	that last logged-in between 2018-04-01 and 2018-05-01.

{# fetch users with their user groups #}
{% set users = craft.users()
  .withGroups()
  .all() %}

// fetch users with their user groups
$users = \craft\elements\User::find()
    ->withGroups()
    ->all();

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Users

On this Page

#Active and Inactive Users

#Addresses

#Querying Users

#Example

#Parameters

#admin

#andRelatedTo

#andWith

#asArray

#assetUploaders

#authors

#cache

#can

#clearCachedResult

#dateCreated

#dateUpdated

#email

#firstName

#fixedOrder

#fullName

#group

#groupId

#hasPhoto

#id

#ignorePlaceholders

#inReverse

#language

#lastLoginDate

#lastName

#limit

#offset

#orderBy

#preferSites

#prepareSubquery

#relatedTo

#search

#siteSettingsId

#status

#trashed

#uid

#username

#with

#withCustomFields

#withGroups

Was this page helpful?

#`admin`

#`andRelatedTo`

#`andWith`

#`asArray`

#`assetUploaders`

#`authors`

#`cache`

#`can`

#`clearCachedResult`

#`dateCreated`

#`dateUpdated`

#`email`

#`firstName`

#`fixedOrder`

#`fullName`

#`group`

#`groupId`

#`hasPhoto`

#`id`

#`ignorePlaceholders`

#`inReverse`

#`language`

#`lastLoginDate`

#`lastName`

#`limit`

#`offset`

#`orderBy`

#`preferSites`

#`prepareSubquery`

#`relatedTo`

#`search`

#`siteSettingsId`

#`status`

#`trashed`

#`uid`

#`username`

#`with`

#`withCustomFields`

#`withGroups`